Setting up GraphQL Code Generator and Server Preset

In this section, you are going to set up GraphQL Code Generator  with Server Preset in your project. This adds strong typing automatically, and reduces runtime error for your application.

Preparation

First, let’s install the required packages:

npm i -D --save-exact @graphql-codegen/cli@5.0.3 @eddeee888/gcg-typescript-resolver-files@0.11.0

pnpm add -D --save-exact @graphql-codegen/cli@5.0.3 @eddeee888/gcg-typescript-resolver-files@0.11.0

yarn add --dev --exact @graphql-codegen/cli@5.0.3 @eddeee888/gcg-typescript-resolver-files@0.11.0

bun add --dev --exact @graphql-codegen/cli@5.0.3 @eddeee888/gcg-typescript-resolver-files@0.11.0

• @graphql-codegen/cli is the main package for GraphQL Code Generator. It provides a CLI to generate code from your GraphQL schema.
• @eddeee888/gcg-typescript-resolver-files is a GraphQL Code Generator preset, written specifically for GraphQL servers. It automatically generates TypeScript types and resolver files. It also runs statical analysis to ensure type-safety.

So far, you’ve been keeping a lot of code together for simplicity. This new setup requires your project to be structured in a way that it is still maintainable at scale. Most noticable, schema type definitions and resolvers are separated into different files.

Let’s start by creating a new folder src/schema/base and move the type definitions to a file called schema.graphql under this folder:

type Query {
  info: String!
  feed(filterNeedle: String, skip: Int, take: Int): [Link!]!
  comment(id: ID!): Comment
}
 
type Mutation {
  postLink(url: String!, description: String!): Link!
  postCommentOnLink(linkId: ID!, body: String!): Comment!
}
 
type Link {
  id: ID!
  description: String!
  url: String!
  comments: [Comment!]!
}
 
type Comment {
  id: ID!
  createdAt: String!
  body: String!
}

Next, create a codegen.ts at the root of your project:

import { defineConfig } from '@eddeee888/gcg-typescript-resolver-files'
import type { CodegenConfig } from '@graphql-codegen/cli'
 
// (1)
const config: CodegenConfig = {
  schema: 'src/schema/**/schema.graphql', // (2)
  generates: {
    'src/schema': defineConfig({
      // (3)
      resolverGeneration: 'minimal', // (4)
      typesPluginsConfig: {
        contextType: '../context#GraphQLContext' // (5)
      }
    })
  }
}
export default config

This file contains the configuration for GraphQL Code Generator. Let’s break it down:

1. The config variable tells GraphQL Code Generator what to generate.
2. The schema field points to the schema file you created.
3. The generates field tells GraphQL Code Generator where to put the generated files. In this case, Server Preset will generate files under src/schema
4. The resolverGeneration: "minimal" config tells Server Preset to generate just the root-level resolvers, unless there are mappers (more on this later).
5. The contextType config is used to generate the context type for every resolver.

Now, run the following command:

npx graphql-codegen

You will see a new folder src/schema created with the following files:

• src
  • schema
    • base
      • resolvers
        • Mutation
          • postCommentOnLink.ts
          • postLink.ts
        • Query
          • comment.ts
          • feed.ts
          • info.ts
      • schema.graphql
    • resolvers.generated.ts
    • resolvers.generated.graphqls
    • typeDefs.generated.ts
    • types.generated.ts

1. Mutation/postCommentOnLink.ts, Mutation/postLink.ts, Query/comment.ts, Query/feed.ts and Query/info.ts are the generated root-level resolvers.
2. resolvers.generated.ts contains the resolvers map. All generated resolvers (e.g. Query.comment, Mutation.postCommentOnLink, etc.) are automatically imported into this file.
3. schema.generated.graphqls contains the merged schema of your application. In this example, there is only one schema.graphql file. However, as the server grows, you can choose to break it up into smaller modules, each with its own schema file e.g. src/schema/comment/schema.graphql, src/schema/link/schema.graphql, etc.
4. typeDefs.generated.ts contains the generated type definitions. This is the AST representation of the schema that can be provided to the GraphQL server.
5. types.generated.ts file contains the generated types.

Note that the generated root-level resolver files do not have any implementation yet, and there is no object type resolvers. In the next section, you will learn how to migrate the existing implementation.

Migrate logic to new resolvers

Root-level resolvers

By default, a generated root-level resolver file may look like this:

import type { QueryResolvers } from './../../../types.generated'
 
export const feed: NonNullable<QueryResolvers['feed']> = async (_parent, _arg, _ctx) => {
  /* Implement Query.feed resolver logic here */
}

It should be trivial to bring the existing logic over:

export const feed: NonNullable<QueryResolvers['feed']> = async (_parent, args, context) => {
  const where = args.filterNeedle
    ? {
        OR: [
          { description: { contains: args.filterNeedle } },
          { url: { contains: args.filterNeedle } }
        ]
      }
    : {}
 
  const take = applyTakeConstraints({
    min: 1,
    max: 50,
    value: args.take ?? 30
  })
 
  return context.prisma.link.findMany({
    where,
    skip: args.skip,
    take
  })
}

You may notice TypeScript may report an error that looks like this:

export const feed: NonNullable<QueryResolvers['feed']> = async () => {
Property 'comments' is missing in type '{ id: number; createdAt: Date; description: string; url: string; }' but required in type 'Link'.
}

This is because the generated types forces you to return objects that match schema types to avoid runtime errors. However, you want to defer resolve here by using mappers - like previous implementation - to ensure comments is not fetched until it is requested. This is covered in the next section.

Using mappers

In the previous implementation, you used Link type from @prisma/client as the mapper for GraphQL Link type. This is done by making Query.feed return an array of Prisma’s Link, and manually typed the parent of Link resolvers:

// Previous implementation
import type { Link } from '@prisma/client'
 
const resolvers = {
  Query: {
    // other resolvers
    feed: async (parent: unknown, args: {}, context: GraphQLContext): Promise<Link[]> => {
      // other logic
      return context.prisma.link.findMany() // Returns an array of Prisma's Link
    }
  },
  Link: {
    // Manually type the parent of each resolver as Prisma's Link
    id: (parent: Link) => parent.id,
    description: (parent: Link) => parent.description,
    url: (parent: Link) => parent.url,
    comments: (parent: Link, args: {}, context: GraphQLContext) => {
      return context.prisma.comment.findMany({
        orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
        where: {
          linkId: parent.id
        }
      })
    }
  }
}

The previous approach can be tedious as you need to manually wire up all the types. With the codegen setup, you only need to declare Prisma’s Link type as the mapper once, and it will be automatically applied to all Link resolvers. Here are the steps of using mappers:

1. Create a new file to track mappers: src/schema/base/schema.mappers.ts. This file is in the same folder as the schema.graphql file.
2. Add mappers for types that exist in schema.graphql into schema.mappers.ts with the convention of <GraphQL type name>Mapper

For Link, it should look like this:

import type { Link } from '@prisma/client'
 
export type LinkMapper = Link

Now, when you run npx graphql-codegen, the following happens automatically:

• Typing LinkMapper as parent for every Link resolvers
• Creating src/schema/base/resolvers/Link.ts, and wire it up to the resolvers map in resolvers.generated.ts
• Running static analysis and suggests you to implement the comments resolvers to avoid runtime errors.

The generated src/schema/base/resolvers/Link.ts file may look like this:

import type { LinkResolvers } from './../../types.generated'
 
/*
 * Note: This object type is generated because "LinkMapper" is declared. This is to ensure runtime safety.
 *
 * When a mapper is used, it is possible to hit runtime errors in some scenarios:
 * - given a field name, the schema type's field type does not match mapper's field type
 * - or a schema type's field does not exist in the mapper's fields
 *
 * If you want to skip this file generation, remove the mapper or update the pattern in the `resolverGeneration.object` config.
 */
export const Link: LinkResolvers = {
  /* Implement Link resolver logic here */
  comments: async (_parent, _arg, _ctx) => {
    /* Link.comments resolver is required because Link.comments exists but LinkMapper.comments does not */
  }
}

Note that Link.id, Link.description and Link.url resolvers are not generated. The types of these properties in Prisma’s Link are compatible to the mapper’s types, meaning the resolvers can be omitted.

Now, you can simply remove the comments, and migrate the existing comments resolver over:

import type { LinkResolvers } from './../../types.generated'
 
export const Link: LinkResolvers = {
  comments: (parent, _arg, context) => {
    return context.prisma.comment.findMany({
      orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
      where: {
        linkId: parent.id
      }
    })
  }
}

Force create an object type resolver file

Sometimes, you may want to implement custom logic in your resolvers. Object type resolvers can be generated by simply creating an empty file where the it should be generated, and run codegen.

For example, let’s force create Comment object type resolver file. We know that Comment is a type that is on the same level as Link in the resolvers map, so you can create an empty file src/schema/base/resolvers/Comment.ts, then run npx graphql-codegen.

When codegen is run, Server Preset detects that you want to have custom logic for Comment type, so it will fill in the content of the file, and wire it up to the resolvers map. The content may look like this:

import type { CommentResolvers } from './../../types.generated'
 
export const Comment: CommentResolvers = {
  /* Implement Comment resolver logic here */
}

Using generated resolvers map and type definitions

Once you have migrated all the resolver logic, the last step is to use the generated resolvers map and type definitions to your server:

import { createSchema } from 'graphql-yoga'
import { resolvers } from './schema/resolvers.generated'
import { typeDefs } from './schema/typeDefs.generated'
 
export const schema = createSchema({
  resolvers: [resolvers],
  typeDefs: [typeDefs]
})

Maintaining generated files

The files with .generated. section are completely generated, and require no manual update or intervention. Every time you run codegen, these files change based on your schema or mappers changes. In other words, your schema and mappers are the source of truth, and the generated files are the derived output.

For the reason above, it is recommended to not commit these files to your version control, nor run your development tools (such as linting and formatting) on them to avoid noise and unncessary work. As long as you keep the generated files up-to-date with your schema and mappers, typecheck should work correctly.

To ignore these generated files, add them to your tools’ ignore file:

# .gitignore
*.generated.*
 
# .eslintignore
*.generated.*
 
# .prettierignore
*.generated.*

Summary

In this section, you have set up GraphQL Code Generator with Server Preset in your project. This setup takes care of all the types and resolvers convention for you, so you can focus on developing your application!

Optional Exercise

As an additional exercise, you can try migrating the rest of the resolvers and mappers to the new setup.

You can find the full solution, with a commit for each step, in this repository .